Part 23 of 24 in School Is Not Education← Part 22Part 24 →
This chapter provides a list of sources for parents to verify educational claims and explore evidence further. It emphasizes that educational outcomes can vary based on implementation and individual children.
- Educational evidence is contextual and varies by implementation.
- ASER Centre reports on reading and math levels of rural children in 2024.
- Azim Premji University discusses youth transitions from learning to earning.
- National Education Policy 2020 focuses on critical thinking and experiential learning.
- Research highlights the importance of retrieval and cognitive load in learning.
These sources are included so parents can verify the central factual claims and explore the evidence in more depth. Educational evidence is contextual: an average effect does not guarantee that a particular implementation will work for a particular child.
[1] ASER Centre, Annual Status of Education Report 2024, National Findings. The national rural tables report 27.1% of Std III children reading at Std II level and 33.7% able to do at least subtraction in 2024. https://asercentre.org/aser-2024/
[2] Azim Premji University, State of Working India 2026: Youth in the Labour Market — Pathways from Learning to Earning. https://azimpremjiuniversity.edu.in/publications/2026/report/swi-2026
[3] Thomas Babington Macaulay, Minute on Indian Education (1835); historical context summarised by Columbia University’s South Asia Institute. https://sai.columbia.edu/content/very-short-history-south-asia-six-key-themes-and-timeline
[4] Government of India, National Education Policy 2020, sections 4.4–4.6 on learning how to learn, critical thinking, inquiry and experiential learning. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf
[5] Karpicke, J. D., & Roediger, H. L. (2008). The Critical Importance of Retrieval for Learning. Science, 319(5865), 966–968. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1152408; see also Dunlosky et al. (2013), Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques.
[6] van Gog, T., Paas, F., & Sweller, J. (2010). Cognitive Load Theory: Advances in Research on Worked Examples, Animations, and Cognitive Load Measurement. Educational Psychology Review, 22, 375–378.
[7] Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_RyanDeci_SDT.pdf
[8] Education Endowment Foundation, Teaching and Learning Toolkit: evidence summaries for feedback, metacognition and self-regulation, peer tutoring, individualised instruction, one-to-one tuition and small-group tuition. https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/education-evidence/teaching-learning-toolkit/ ; Nickow, A., Oreopoulos, P., & Quan, V. (2020), The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning, NBER Working Paper 27476.
[9] Misra, U., & Trivedi, T. (2026). A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Private Tutoring on the Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in India. Journal of Indian Education, 50(4), 252–263. https://ejournals.ncert.gov.in/index.php/jie/article/view/5089
[10] Eklavya, current public website and product descriptions, accessed October 2026. https://www.eklavya.io/ ; https://cbse.eklavya.io/ ; https://neet.eklavya.io/
[11] UNESCO (2023; updated 2026). Guidance for Generative AI in Education and Research. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/guidance-generative-ai-education-and-research
[12] TeachToEarn, community microschool guides, accessed October 2026. https://www.teachtoearn.in/start-microschool-community-guide/
Frequently asked questions
What is the purpose of the sources listed in this chapter?
The sources are provided for parents to verify educational claims and explore the evidence in more depth.
What does the ASER Centre report reveal about children's education?
The ASER Centre report indicates that 27.1% of Std III children read at Std II level and 33.7% can do at least subtraction in 2024.
What topics are covered in the National Education Policy 2020?
The National Education Policy 2020 covers learning how to learn, critical thinking, inquiry, and experiential learning.
How does cognitive load theory relate to education?
Cognitive load theory addresses how worked examples, animations, and cognitive load measurement can impact learning effectiveness.